Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a group of behavioural symptoms that include:
- difficulty concentrating and paying attention
- hyperactivity
- impulsiveness
Symptoms of ADHD in children and teenagers
Symptoms of ADHD tend to be noticed at an early age. They may become more noticeable when a child's circumstances change, like when they start school.
The main symptoms of ADHD in children and teenagers are:
Symptoms of ADHD in adults
If you're an adult with ADHD, you may find that:
- you get easily distracted and find it hard to notice details, particularly with things you find boring
- it's hard to listen to other people – you may find yourself finishing their sentences for them or interrupting them
- it's hard to follow instructions
- you find it hard to organise yourself – you start a lot of things without ever finishing them
- you find it hard to wait
- you fidget and can't sit still when there's nothing much going on
- you're forgetful and tend to lose or misplace things
- you easily get irritable, impatient or frustrated and lose your temper quickly
- you feel restless or edgy, have difficulty turning your thoughts off
- you find stress hard to handle
- you tend to do things on the spur of the moment, without thinking, which gets you into trouble
Some people with ADHD have problems with inattentiveness, but not with hyperactivity or impulsiveness. This form of ADHD is also known as attention deficit disorder (ADD). ADD can sometimes go unnoticed because the symptoms may be less obvious.
Related conditions
Some people might have other conditions alongside ADHD.
Causes of ADHD
The exact cause of ADHD isn't fully understood.
A combination of the following factors might be responsible:
Diagnosing ADHD
Speak to your GP if you think that you or your child may have ADHD.
If you're worried about your child, it may help to speak to their teachers before seeing your GP. This means you can find out if they have any concerns about your child's behaviour.
Your GP can't formally diagnose ADHD. They can discuss your concerns with you and refer you for a specialist assessment, if necessary.
Treating ADHD
Treatment for ADHD can help relieve the symptoms.
ADHD can be treated using medication or therapy. A combination of both is often best. Treatment is usually arranged by a specialist, like a paediatrician or psychiatrist.
Treatment of ADHD might include:
There are other treatments that involve altering your diet or taking supplements.
Last updated:
03 May 2023