Personality disorder
Personality disorders are conditions where an individual differs significantly from an average person. This may be related to how they:
- think
- perceive
- feel
- relate to others
Changes in how a person feels and distorted beliefs about other people can lead to odd behaviour. This can be distressing and may upset others.
Common features of a personality disorder
Common features of a personality disorder include:
- being overwhelmed by negative feelings like distress, anxiety, worthlessness or anger
- avoiding other people
- feeling empty and emotionally disconnected
- odd behaviour
- difficulty maintaining stable and close relationships, especially with partners, children and professional carers
- periods of losing contact with reality
Some people may also have difficulty managing negative feelings without self-harming. This can include abusing drugs and alcohol or taking overdoses. In rare cases, it may include threatening other people.
People with personality disorders often experience other mental health problems. This includes depression and substance misuse.
Symptoms typically get worse with stress.
When and why personality disorders occur
Personality disorders are common mental health problems.
They usually emerge in adolescence and continue into adulthood. They may be mild, moderate or severe. People may have periods of "remission" where they function well.
Personality disorders may be associated with genetic and family factors. Experiences of distress or fear during childhood, like neglect or abuse, are common.
Many people have only mild conditions so only need help at times of stress (such as bereavement). People with more severe problems may need specialist help for longer.
Types of personality disorder
There are different types of personality disorders.
Treating a personality disorder
Many people recover from personality disorders over time.
Treatment usually involves a course of psychological therapy tailored to the individual. This treatment usually lasts at least 6 months. But, it may last longer depending on the severity of the condition and other problems.
Psychological therapies
Psychotherapy involves discussing thoughts, emotions and behaviours with a trained professional. The aim is to improve people's ability to regulate their thoughts and emotions.
Some therapies focus on dysfunctional thoughts. Others focus on self-reflection and being aware of how your mind works. Some therapies, especially group therapies, help people understand social relationships better.
Psychological therapies can be effective for many personality disorders. But, they should only be delivered by a trained professional. They should have experience working with personality disorders and other conditions. This is because personality disorders can be associated with high-risk behaviours, like self-harm.
The psychotherapist will listen and discuss important issues with you. They can also suggest strategies to resolve problems. If necessary, they'll help you change your attitudes and behaviour.
A range of different psychotherapies are used to treat personality disorders.
Read more about types of counselling and therapy
Medication
No medications are currently licensed for the treatment of any personality disorder. But, medications may be prescribed to treat associated problems, like:
Last updated:
12 May 2023